Completed 6/28/12
The
Bible
Exposition
Commentary
For Laymen
________________________________________________________
Judges
Tom Lowe
NOTE: The King James translation is used throughout, with exceptions noted.
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Preface |
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NUMBER |
TITLE |
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PAGES |
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1 |
TITLE PAGE |
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i |
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2 |
PREFACE |
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ii |
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3 |
INTRODUCTION |
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iii, iv, v |
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4 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS |
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v, vi, vii |
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4 |
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS |
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viii-ix |
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5 |
LIST OF TABLES |
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xi, xii, xiii |
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6 |
LIST OF ARTICLES |
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xiii-xvi |
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7 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
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xvii |
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introduction
The book bears the fitting name Judges, which refers to unique leaders God gave to His people for their preservation against their enemies. “16Nevertheless the LORD raised up judges, which delivered them out of the hand of those that spoiled them. 17And yet they would not hearken unto their judges, but they went a whoring after other gods, and bowed themselves unto them: they turned quickly out of the way which their fathers walked in, obeying the commandments of the LORD; but they did not so. 18And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and delivered them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge: for it repented the LORD because of their groanings by reason of them that oppressed them and vexed them. 19And it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they returned, and corrupted themselves more than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to bow down unto them; they ceased not from their own doings, nor from their stubborn way.” (2.16-19).
The book of judges is very unlike the book that precedes it. In Joshua, the people are obedient and conquer the land because they trust in the power of God. However, the people had changed by the time they entered the period of the judges. They were disobedient to God, they were not satisfied with the status quo; they turned to idols many times and they were conquered by their enemies over and over again.
The Hebrew word for Judges is Shophetim. The thought behind this word has the idea of upholding justice and resolving disputes, but it can also mean “to liberate” and “to deliver.” The judges were men and women that God used to deliver the Hebrew nation, and then they ruled the nation and administered justice. They can be considered to be a type of Christ or Savior for the nation of Israel.
Author
There is no way we can know for sure, but Samuel or one of his student prophets may have written the book of Judges. One very reliable source is Jewish tradition as contained in the Talmud, and our study will show that Samuel was a very significant link between the period of the judges and the period of the kings. It is likely, therefore, that Samuel or one of his contemporaries was the author, and that the information was compiled from oral and written sources.
Date
A fairly accurate date for the writing of this book can be estimated from certain statements found in the book itself; for instance
• The passages 18:31 and 20:27 show that Judges was written after the Ark of the Covenant was removed from Shiloh (see 1 Sam. 4:3–11).
• The repeated phrase “In those days there was no king in Israel” (17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25) indicates that Judges was written after the commencement of the monarchy
• The fact that the Jebusites were dwelling in Jerusalem “to this day” (1:21) means that it was written before 1004 b.c. when David took control of the city (2 Sam. 5:5–9)
The events covered in Judges range from 1380 b.c. to 1045 b.c. Evidently, the rulerships of some of the judges overlap because not all of them ruled over the entire land. Judges describes cycles of apostasy, oppression, and deliverance in the southern region (3:7–31), the central region (6:1–10:5), the eastern region (10:6–12:15), and the western region (13:1–16:31).
Themes and Literary Structur
The book begins with a description of Israel’s deterioration, continues with seven cycles of oppression and deliverance, and concludes with two vivid examples of Israel’s depravity.
The theme of deterioration is highlighted as Judges begins with short-lived military successes after the death of Joshua but quickly turns to the repeated failure of the people to drive out their enemies. The primary reasons for their failure are a lack of faith and a lack of obedience to God (2:1–3).
Repeated deliverances by God are described in the middle section of the book (3:5–16:31) which presents seven cycles of apostasy, oppression, cry for deliverance, salvation, and rest. Israel fluctuates between obedience and apostasy as the people continually fail to learn from their mistakes. Nevertheless, the times of rest and peace are longer than the times of bondage, and the monotony of Israel’s sins can be contrasted with the creativity of God’s methods of deliverance.
The depravity characteristic of the time of the judges is illustrated in chapters 17–21 with vivid examples of personal and tribal idolatry and immorality. The book as a whole illustrates the sad results of Israel’s disobedience as summarized in 21:25: “In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.”
Table No. 1: The Period of the Judges
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Events and Judges |
Years |
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Israel serves Cushan-Rishathaim (3:7, 8) |
8 |
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Peace following Othniel’s deliverance (3:7-11) |
40 |
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Israel serves Moab (3:12) |
18 |
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Peace follows Ehud’s deliverance (3:12-30) |
80 |
|
Shamgar delivers Israel from Philistines (3:31) |
1 |
|
Israel serves Canaan (4:1-3) |
20 |
|
Peace following deliverance by Deborah and Barak (4:1–5:31) |
40 |
|
Israel serves Midian (6:1-6) |
7 |
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Peace following Gideon’s deliverance (6:1–8:35) |
40 |
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Abimelech, king of Israel (9:1-57) |
3 |
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Tola’s career (10:1, 2) |
23 |
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Jair’s career (10:3-5) |
22 |
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Israel serves Ammon and Philistia (10:6–10) |
18 |
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Jephthah’s career (10:6-12:7) |
6 |
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Ibzan’s career (12:8–10) |
7 |
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Elon’s career (12:11, 12) |
10 |
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Abdon’s career (12:13-15) |
8 |
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Israel serves Philistia (13:1) |
40 |
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Samson’s career (12:1–16:31) |
20 |
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Table of Contents |
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Part One: The Deterioration of Israel and Failure to Complete the Conquest of Canaan (1:1–3:4) |
1.1-3.4 |
1-88 |
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CHAPTER |
TITLE |
VERSES |
PAGES |
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The Failure of Israel to Complete the Conquest |
1.1-1.36 |
1-53 |
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1 |
Failure of Judah |
1.1-1.20 |
1-28 |
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2 |
Failure of Benjamin |
1:21 |
29-32 |
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3 |
Failure of Joseph |
1:22–29 |
33-38 |
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4 |
Failure of Zebulun |
1:30 |
39-41 |
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5 |
Failure of Asher |
1.31, 32 |
43-45 |
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6 |
Failure of Naphtali |
1.33 |
46-48 |
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7 |
Failure of Dan |
1:34–36 |
49-53 |
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The Judgment of God for Not Completing the Conquest |
2:1–3:4 |
54-88 |
|
8 |
Angel Announces Judgment |
2:1–5 |
54-61 |
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9 |
Godly Generation Dies 2 |
2.6-10 |
62-65 |
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10 |
Judgment of God Is Described |
2.11-19 |
66-82 |
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11 |
Enemy Is Left as a Test |
2.20-3.4 |
83-88 |
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Part Two: The Deliverance of Israel During the Seven Cycles (3:5–16:31) |
3.5-16.31 |
89-747 |
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The Southern Campaign |
3:5–31 |
89-110 |
|
12 |
The Judge Othniel |
3:5–11 |
89-95 |
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13 |
The Judge Ehud |
3:12–30 |
96-106 |
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14 |
The Judge Shamgar |
3:31 |
107-110 |
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The Northern Campaign: The Judges Deborah and Barak |
4:1–5:31 |
111-168 |
|
15 |
Deborah and Barak Are Called |
4:1–11 |
111-123 |
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16 |
Canaanites Are Defeated |
4:12–24 |
124-137 |
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17 |
Song of Deborah and Barak |
5:1–31 |
138-168 |
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The Central Campaign |
6:1–10:5 |
169-418 |
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The Judge Gideon |
6:1–8:35 |
169-321 |
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18 |
Israel Sins |
6:1-6-10 |
169-182 |
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Gideon Called |
6.11-6.40 |
183-223 |
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19 |
An Angel Sends Gideon to Deliver Them |
6.11-6.16 |
183-199 |
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20 |
Gideon’s Present Consumed by Fire |
6.17-32 |
200-214 |
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21 |
Gideon Summons an Army |
6.33-6.36 |
215-219 |
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22 |
Gideon Asks for Signs |
6.37-6.40 |
220-223 |
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23 |
The Direction God Gave Gideon for the Modeling of the Army |
7.1-7.8 |
224-236 |
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24 |
The Encouragement God Gave Gideon to Attack |
7.9-7.15 |
237-245 |
|
25 |
How Gideon Formed His Attack on the Enemy Camp |
7.16-7.20 |
246-253 |
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26 |
The Success of This Attack |
7.21-7.25 |
254-261 |
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27 |
Gideon Prudently Pacifies the Offended Ephraimites |
8.1-8.4 |
262-270 |
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28 |
The Cynical |
8.5-8.9 |
271-277 |
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29 |
He Bravely Pursues the Flying Midianites |
8.10-12 |
278-280 |
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30 |
He Justly Chastises the Insolence of the Men of Succoth and Penuel |
8.13-8.17 |
281-285 |
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31 |
Gideon Honorably Slays the two Kings of Midean |
8.18-8.21 |
286-294 |
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32 |
He Modestly Declines the Government of Israel |
8.22-8.23 |
295-299 |
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33 |
He Foolishly Gratified the Superstitious Humor of His People |
8.24-8.27 |
300-310 |
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34 |
Gideon Kept the Country Quiet for Forty Years |
8.28 |
311 |
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35 |
He Died in Honor |
8.29-8.32 |
312-316 |
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36 |
Gideon and his God Were Soon Forgotten By an Ungrateful Israel |
8.33-8.35 |
317-321 |
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The Judge Abimelech |
9.1–9:57 |
322-407 |
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37 |
Abimelech King of Shechem |
9.1-9.6 |
322-331 |
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38 |
Jotham’s Fable |
9.7-9.15 |
332-346 |
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39 |
Application of the Fable |
9.16-9.21 |
347-357 |
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40 |
The Shechemite’s Quarrel With Abimelech |
9.22-9.25 |
358-362 |
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41 |
Gaal’s Call to Rebellion |
9.26-9.29 |
363-370 |
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42 |
Abimelech Appraised of Gaal’s Move |
9.30-9.33 |
371-374 |
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43 |
GaaL Driven Out |
9.34-9.41 |
375-382 |
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44 |
Destruction of Schechem |
9.42-9.45 |
383-389 |
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45 |
Tower of Schechem Burned |
9.46-9.49 |
390-395 |
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46 |
Campaign Against Thebaz |
9.50-9.55 |
396-404 |
|
47 |
Moral of the Story |
9.56-9.57 |
405-407 |
|
48 |
The Judge Tola |
10:1, 2 |
408-411 |
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49 |
The Judge Jair |
10:3–5 |
412-418 |
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The Eastern Campaign: The Judge Jephthah |
10:6–12:7 |
419-550 |
|
50 |
Introduction |
10:6-10.18 |
419-445 |
|
51 |
The Man Jephthah |
11:1–11.3 |
446-455 |
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52 |
Recall of Jephthah |
11.4-11.11 |
456-473 |
|
53 |
Defense of Israel’s Right to Trans-Jordan Territory |
11.12-11.28 |
474-503 |
|
54 |
Defeat of Ammonites |
11.29-11.33 |
504-514 |
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55 |
Fulfillment of Jephthah’s Vow |
11.34-11.40 |
515-532 |
|
56 |
Jealousy of the Ephraimites |
12.1-12.7 |
533-550 |
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The Second Northern Campaign |
12:8–15 |
551-559 |
|
57 |
The Judge Ibzan |
12:8–10 |
551-554 |
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58 |
The Judge Elon |
12:11, 12 |
555-556 |
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59 |
The Judge Abdon |
12:13–15 |
557-559 |
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The Western Campaign: The Judge Samson |
13:1–16:31 |
560-748 |
|
60 |
Editorial Introduction |
13.1 |
560-569 |
|
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Samson’s Origins |
13.2-13.25 |
570-615 |
|
61 |
The Angels Visitation |
13.2-13.7 |
570-583 |
|
62 |
Manoah’s Prayer |
13.8 |
584-586 |
|
63 |
Answer to Manoah’s Request |
13.9-13.14 |
587-592 |
|
64 |
Manoah’s Sacrifice |
13.15-13.23 |
593-606 |
|
65 |
Birth and inspiration of Samson |
13.24, 25 |
607-615 |
|
|
The Woman Timnah |
14.1-14.20 |
616-682 |
|
66 |
Samson’s First Love |
14.1-14.4 |
616-624 |
|
67 |
Slaying of the Lion |
14.5-14.9 |
625-635 |
|
68 |
Marriage of Samson |
14.10-14.20 |
636-650 |
|
69 |
Samson’s Return |
15.1-15.8 |
651-663 |
|
70 |
Samson’s Arrest and Retaliation |
15.9-15.20 |
664-682 |
|
71 |
The Harlot of Gaza |
16.1-16.3 |
683-695 |
|
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Samson and Delilah |
16.4-16.22 |
696-747 |
|
72 |
Delilah’s First Attempt |
16.4-16.9 |
696-707 |
|
73 |
Second Attempt |
16.10-16.12 |
708-710 |
|
74 |
Third Attempt |
16.13-16.15 |
711-714 |
|
75 |
Final Attempt |
16.16-16.22 |
715-727 |
|
76 |
The End of Samson |
16.23-16.31 |
728-747 |
|
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Part Three: The Depravity of Israel in Sinning Like the Canaanites (17:1–21:25) |
|
748-819 |
|
|
Relocation of the Danites and the Origin of Their Sanctuary |
17:1–18:31 |
748-819 |
|
77 |
Micah’s Image |
17:1–6 |
748-761 |
|
78 |
Micah’s Levite |
17.7-17.13 |
762-772 |
|
79 |
The Danite Spies |
18.1-18.6 |
773-783 |
|
80 |
Report of the Spies |
18.7-18.10 |
784-790 |
|
81 |
Response of the Danites |
18.11-18.13 |
791-794 |
|
82 |
Seizure of Micah’s Cultic Objects |
18.14-18.20 |
794-803 |
|
83 |
Pursuit of the Danites |
18.21-18.26 |
804-811 |
|
84 |
Capture of Laish |
18.27-18.31 |
812-819 |
|
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The Offence of Gibeah |
19:1–21.25 |
820- |
|
85 |
The Levite and His Concubine |
19:1–9 |
820-838 |
|
86 |
Return Journey |
19:10-15 |
839-845 |
|
87 |
Hospitality of the Ephraimite |
19.16-21 |
846-854 |
|
88 |
Rape of the Concubine |
19.22-26 |
855-865 |
|
89 |
Reaction of the Levite |
19.27-30 |
866-871 |
|
90 |
Israel Gathering at Mizpah |
20.1-7 |
872-884 |
|
91 |
Israel’s Decision |
20.8-11 |
885-888 |
|
92 |
Ultimatum Rejected |
20.12-17 |
889-899 |
|
93 |
Seeking Divine Guidance |
20.18 |
900-903 |
|
94 |
First Encounter |
20.19-23 |
904-909 |
|
95 |
Second Encounter |
20.24-28 |
910-918 |
|
96 |
Third Encounter |
20.29-36 |
919-928 |
|
97 |
Another Tradition of the Last Encounter |
20.37-44 |
929-937 |
|
98 |
Flight of the Benjaminite Survivors |
20.45-48 |
938-946 |
|
99 |
Mourning the Fate of Benjamin |
21.1-7 |
947-959 |
|
100 |
Expedition Against Jabesh-gilead |
21.8-12 |
960-966 |
|
101 |
Embassy of Peace |
21.13-15 |
967-970 |
|
102 |
Maidens from Shilow |
21.16-25 |
971-985 |
Table #2: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
|
Bible Translations and Versions |
|
|
NLT ASV DB CEV GNB KJV NAB NCV NKJV NLT NRSV RSV TLB |
New Living Translation 1901 American Standard Version 1890 Darby Bible Contemporary English Version Good News Bible King James Version New American Bible New Century Version New King James Version New Living Translation New Revised Standard Version Revised Standard Version The Living Bible |
|
Books of the Bible |
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|
Old Testament |
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Gen. |
Genesis |
|
Ex. |
Exodus |
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Lev. |
Leviticus |
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Num. |
Numbers |
|
Dt. |
Deuteronomy |
|
Jos. |
Joshua |
|
Jg. |
Judges |
|
Ru. |
Ruth |
|
1 Sam. |
1 Samuel |
|
2 Sam. |
2 Samuel |
|
1 Kg. |
1 kings |
|
2 Kg. |
2 Kings |
|
1 Chr. |
1 Chronicles |
|
2 Chr. |
2 Chronicles |
|
Ezr. |
Ezra |
|
Neh. |
Nehemiah |
|
Est. |
Esther |
|
Job |
Job |
|
Ps. |
Psalms |
|
Prov. |
Proverbs |
|
Ec. |
Ecclesiastes |
|
SoS |
Song of Songs |
|
Isa. |
Isaiah |
|
Jer. |
Jeremiah |
|
Lam. |
Lamentations |
|
Ezek. |
Ezekiel |
|
Dan. |
Daniel |
|
Hos. |
Hosea |
|
Jl. |
Joel |
|
Am. |
Amos |
|
Ob. |
Obadiah |
|
Jon. |
Jonah |
|
Mic. |
Micah |
|
Nah. |
Nahum |
|
Hab. |
Habakkuk |
|
Zeph. |
Zephaniah |
|
Hag. |
Haggai |
|
Zech. |
Zechariah |
|
New Testament |
|
|
Mt. |
Matthew |
|
Mk. |
Mark |
|
Lk. |
Luke |
|
Jn. |
John |
|
Acts |
Acts |
|
Rom. |
Romans |
|
1 C. |
1 Corinthians |
|
2 C. |
2 Corinthians |
|
Gal. |
Galatians |
|
Eph. |
Ephesians |
|
Phil. |
Philippians |
|
Co. |
Colossians |
|
1 Th. |
1 Thessalonians |
|
2 Th. |
2 Thessalonians |
|
1 Tim. |
1 Timothy |
|
2 Tim. |
2 Timothy |
|
Tit. |
Titus |
|
Phm. |
Philemon |
|
Heb. |
Hebrews |
|
Jas. |
James |
|
1 Pet. |
1 Peter |
|
2 Pet. |
2 Peter |
|
1 Jn. |
1 John |
|
2 Jn. |
2 John |
|
3 Jn. |
3 John |
|
Jude |
Jude |
|
Rev. |
Revelation |
|
NT |
New Testament |
|
OT |
Old Testament |
LIST OF TABLES
|
TABLE NUMBER |
TITLE |
PAGE NUMBER |
|
1 |
Period of the Judges |
iv, v |
|
2 |
Map of Old Testament World |
20 |
|
3 |
The Period of the Judges (1375–1050 b.c.) |
21-28 |
|
4 |
When the Events of Judges Occurred |
2 |
|
5 |
Israel’s Cycle of Idolatry and Redemption |
15 |
|
6 |
Destruction of Shechem and the People |
387 |
|
7 |
Map of Shechem and Surrounding Area |
385 |
|
8 |
Destruction of Shechem By Abimelech |
395 |
|
9 |
Amon and Surrounding Area |
459 |
|
10 |
Timeline: Micah Through Samson |
471 |
|
11 |
Map of Syria in the Second Millennium BC |
482 |
|
12 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
14 |
Map Showing Kingdom of Edom |
485 |
|
15 |
|
|
|
16 |
Ebimelech Killed |
406 |
|
17 |
Compare Judges 11.19-22 to Numbers 21.21-25 |
488 |
|
18 |
The Seven Nations of Canaan Which God Said for Them to Destr4oy |
490 |
|
19 |
Religions of the Ancient Near East |
495 |
|
20 |
Compare Judges 11.29, 6.34, 13.25 |
505 |
|
21 |
Typical Vows |
508 |
|
22 |
Jephthah’s Vow |
|
|
23 |
Map of Mizpah and Surrounding Region |
518 |
|
24 |
His Daughter In Cincert With Other Virgins |
524 |
|
25 |
Compare the Similar Complaint of the Ephraimites to Gideon and to Joshua |
537 |
|
26 |
Timnah and Territory |
622 |
|
27 |
He Rent Him as He Would a Kid |
|
|
28 |
Map of Ancient Israel (Gaza is #39) |
688 |
|
29 |
Delilah, The Teasing Tempress |
668 |
|
30 |
Samson’s Death |
742 |
|
31 |
Money |
769 |
LIST OF ARTICLES
|
ARTICLE NUMBER |
TITLE |
PAGE NUMBER |
|
1.1 |
The Limits of Early Israelite Control |
3 |
|
1.2 |
Jebusites [JEBB you sites] (descendants of Jebus) |
12 |
|
1.3 |
Kenite |
17 |
|
1.4 |
BENJAMIN, TRIBE OF |
30 |
|
1.5 |
Canaanites |
31 |
|
1.6 |
Fortified cities |
41 |
|
1.7 |
Zebulun, Tribe Of |
41 |
|
1.8 |
Asher, Tribe Of |
44 |
|
1.9 |
Naphtali, Tribe Of |
47 |
|
2.1 |
Theophanies |
58 |
|
4.1 |
Israel Oppressed By Their Enemies |
113 |
|
4.2 |
The Battle Between Sisera and Barak |
128 |
|
5.1 |
Two Versions of Judges Chapter 5 |
165 |
|
6.1 |
The Angel of the Lord |
185 |
|
6.2 |
Terebinth Tree |
188 |
|
6.3 |
The Valley of Jezreel |
215 |
|
6.4 |
Maimonides |
218 |
|
6.5 |
Putting Out the Fleece |
223 |
|
7.1 |
Tests |
224 |
|
7.2 |
Divine Election And Man’s Free Will |
234 |
|
7.3 |
Do what God Says |
238 |
|
8.1 |
Zebah and Zalmunna |
288 |
|
8.2 |
Mount Tabor |
290 |
|
8.3 |
Urim and Thummim |
297 |
|
8.4 |
The Breastplate and Ephod of the High Priest — an Important Part of Worship in the Temple |
305 |
|
8.5 |
The Ephod |
307 |
|
8.6 |
Baalim |
318 |
|
8.7 |
Baalberith |
318 |
|
9.1 |
SHECHEM
|
324 |
|
9.2 |
Mount Gerizim |
324 |
|
9.3 |
Tower of Shechem |
390 |
|
9.4 |
Thebez |
397 |
|
9.5 |
Millstone |
399 |
|
9.6 |
Armor-bearer |
402 |
|
10.1 |
The Judge Tola |
409 |
|
10.2 |
The Judge Jair |
413 |
|
10.3 |
Gilead |
416 |
|
10.4 |
Havoth-Jair |
417 |
|
11.1 |
The Judge Jephthah |
447 |
|
11.2 |
The Land of Tob |
454 |
|
11.3 |
Ammon; Ammonites |
484 |
|
11.4 |
Elder |
465 |
|
11.5 |
Mizpah |
470 |
|
12 |
Kadesh |
483 |
|
13 |
Edom |
484 |
|
16 |
Moab |
486 |
|
11.6 |
Chemosh |
493 |
|
11.7 |
Balak |
497 |
|
11.8 |
Heshbon |
498 |
|
11.9 |
Aroer |
499 |
|
11.10 |
Targum |
507 |
|
12.1 |
The History of the Philistines |
567 |
|
13.3 |
The Nazarite |
578 |
|
13.4 |
Manoah—The Father of Samson |
584 |
|
13.5 |
Angels |
594 |
|
13.6 |
Samson |
608 |
|
16.1 |
Gaza |
686 |
|
16.2 |
The Judges—A Case Study in Disobedience |
687 |
|
16.3 |
Harlot |
687 |
|
16.4 |
Adultery |
688 |
|
16.5 |
Samson Carries the City Gate on His Shoulders |
692 |
|
16.6 |
Hebron |
694 |
|
16.7 |
Delilah |
698 |
|
16.8 |
Valley of Sorek |
699 |
|
16.9 |
Seduction: Rooted in a Lie |
702 |
|
16.10 |
Dagon |
730 |
|
16.11 |
Temple |
735 |
|
17.1 |
Micah’s Unfaithful Mother |
752 |
|
17.2 |
Teraphim |
758 |
|
18.1 |
Levite |
764 |
|
18.2 |
Dan (A Judge) |
776 |
|
18.3 |
Laish |
813 |
|
19.1 |
The Levite’s Defenseless Concubine |
825 |
|
19.2 |
Divorce |
828 |
|
19.3 |
Sons of Belial |
856 |
|
20.1 |
The Levite’s Half-True Report |
880 |
|
20.2 |
Nabal |
882 |
|
21.1 |
Jabesh-gilead |
963 |
Bibliography
1599 Geneva Study Bible
A Layman’s Harmony of the Gospels
Adam Clark’s Commentary
Ages Pulpit Commentary
Barnes’ Notes on the New Testament
Beacon Bible Commentary
Believer’s Bible Commentary
Collected Writings of W.E. Vine
Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans by Charles Hodge
David Guzik’s Commentary on the Bible
Easy English Bible Commentary
Easy to Read Commentary by Practical Christianity Foundation
Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon
Illustrated Manners and Customs of the Bible
James Burton Coffman’s Commentary: Whole Bible
Jameson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
John Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible
King James Bible Word Book
KJV Bible Commentary
Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible : Complete and Unabridged
Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible : Complete and Unabridged
Nelson’s New Illustrated Bible Dictionary
New International Bible Commentary
Romans, God’s Good News for the World by John Stott
Scofield’s Study Notes
Smith’s Bible Dictionary
The Bible Exposition Commentary
The Bible Knowledge Commentary
The Broadman Bible Commentary
The Four-Fold Gospel by J W McGarvey and P Y Pendleton
The Gospel of Mark by William Barkley
The Interpreter’s Bible
The MacArthur Commentary
The New International Commentary on the Gospel of Luke
The New Strong's Dictionary of Hebrew and Greek Words
The New Testament Commentary on Luke by William Hendriksen
The People’s New Testament
The Teacher’s Commentary By Hobbs
The Teacher’s Commentary by Richards
Thru The Bible Commentary by J. Vernon McGee
The Wycliffe Bible Commentary
Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary
Vine's Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words
With the Word Bible Commentary